斩

Pinyin: zhǎn | Core Meaning: to cut, to chop, to behead; also means to eliminate thoroughly.

基本信息 (Basic Information)

含义与用法 (Meanings & Usage)

中文核心释义 (Core Chinese Meaning): 用刀砍断或将物体分开，常指砍头；引申为彻底消灭某事物。

英文核心释义 (Core English Meaning): to cut, to chop, to behead; also means to eliminate thoroughly.

“斩”常用于描述用刀等利器砍断，尤其指砍头，如“斩首”、“处斩”。现代也可引申表示坚决消除，如“斩草除根”。 '斩' is commonly used to describe cutting or chopping something apart with a sharp instrument, especially beheading (e.g., '斩首', execution by beheading). In modern usage, it can also mean to eliminate thoroughly, as in '斩草除根' (to eradicate completely).

象形意义 / 为何这么写 (Pictographic Meaning / Writing Rationale)

“斩”是形声字，左边的“斤”代表斧头，表示与砍、劈相关的含义；右边为声旁，表示发音。整体象征用利器砍断东西的动作。'斩' is a phono-semantic compound character. The left part '斤' represents an axe, indicating the meaning related to cutting or chopping. The right part is the phonetic element, suggesting pronunciation. Together, they symbolize the act of forcefully cutting or chopping objects.

文言文释义 (Classical Chinese Meaning)

与现代意义相近，主要用于表示砍杀、斩首等。Similar to modern meaning; primarily refers to beheading or killing by cutting.

深入学习 (In-depth Study)

字源故事 (Origin Story)

“斩”字最早见于甲骨文，左边是“斤”（古代的一种斧头），右边是“车”的变形，整体表示用斧头砍东西的行为。字形表现出砍杀或断裂的动作。The character '斩' first appeared in oracle bone script. On the left is '斤', an ancient axe, and on the right is a variation of '车' (chariot/vehicle). The character as a whole represents the action of chopping or cutting with an axe, visually signifying the act of killing or splitting.

字形演变 (Character Evolution)

甲骨文 (Oracle Bone Script):
甲骨文中，“斩”左边像一把斧头，右边为辅助说明对象，整体呈现砍杀的动作。 In oracle bone script, the left side resembles an axe, and the right provides context; together, they depict the action of chopping or killing.
金文 (Bronze Inscription):
金文中结构与甲骨文类似，但线条更加圆润清晰，部首和形声部分更加规范。 In bronze inscriptions, the structure is similar to oracle bone script but with more rounded and defined lines; the radical and phonetic elements become standardized.
小篆 (Small Seal Script):
小篆中“斩”字左右结构明确，左为“斤”，形状细长，右边变为更符号化的附加部分。 In small seal script, the structure is clearer; the left side ('斤') is elongated, while the right is more symbolic and abstract.
隶书 (Clerical Script):
隶书中结构逐步接近现代形式，笔画扁平且横画舒展。 In clerical script, the structure approaches the modern form, with flatter shapes and extended horizontal strokes.
楷书 (现代) (Regular Script (Modern)):
现代楷书中，“斩”左右分明，左为“斤”，右为“车”的简化写法，结构整齐易辨识。 In modern regular script, '斩' has a clear left-right structure—left side is '斤', right side is a simplified version of '车', making the character neat and recognizable.

常用词语和例句 (Common Words & Examples)

斩首 (behead; decapitate)

zhǎn shǒu

古代战犯通常会被处以斩首之刑。

Pinyin: Gǔdài zhànfàn tōngcháng huì bèi chǔyǐ zhǎnshǒu zhī xíng.

Eng: In ancient times, war criminals were often punished by beheading.

处斩 (execute by beheading)

chǔ zhǎn

犯人被判处斩以示众。

Pinyin: Fànrén bèi pàn chǔ zhǎn yǐ shì zhòng.

Eng: The criminal was sentenced to execution by beheading as a warning to others.

斩断 (to chop off; sever)

zhǎn duàn

他用利斧将粗大的树枝斩断了。

Pinyin: Tā yòng lì fǔ jiāng cūdà de shùzhī zhǎn duàn le.

Eng: He chopped off the thick branch with a sharp axe.

相关成语 (Related Idioms)

斩草除根 zhǎn cǎo chú gēn

Meaning: eliminate completely (literally: cut the grass and remove the roots)

“斩草除根”比喻要彻底消灭祸患，不能只解决表面问题。据说春秋时期，伍子胥劝楚平王对潜在的敌人要“斩草除根”，以免后患。 'To cut the grass and remove the roots' means to eliminate the source of trouble completely, not just deal with the surface. It is said that during the Spring and Autumn period, Wu Zixu advised King Ping of Chu that potential enemies should be 'cut down to the roots' to prevent future problems.

多语言翻译 (核心释义) (Translations (Core Meaning))

  • French: trancher, décapiter
  • German: abschlagen, enthaupten
  • Spanish: cortar, decapitar
  • Italian: tagliare, decapitare
  • Portuguese: cortar, decapitar
  • Russian: отрубить, обезглавить
  • Arabic: يقطع، يقطع الرأس
  • Persian: بریدن، سر بریدن
  • Dutch: afhakken, onthoofden
  • Polish: odciąć, ściąć głowę
  • Vietnamese: chặt, chém đầu
  • Ukrainian: відрубати, обезголовити

视频学习资源 (Video Learning Resources)

通过以下链接在热门视频网站搜索 "斩" 的更多讲解：

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网络参考 (Web References for "斩") ()

网络内容摘要 (Web Content Summary):

核心含义与字源：“斩”（拼音：zhǎn）是常用汉字，最初见于战国简帛文字。本义一般指“杀”或“砍断”，尤其指用刀砍杀，后也可引申为“断绝”。 Core meaning & etymology: "斩" (pinyin: zhǎn) is a commonly used Chinese character, first appearing in Warring States bamboo scripts. Its original meaning is “to kill” or “to cut off”, especially by chopping, and is later extended to mean “to sever ties.”

象形起源与文化背景： 古字形由“斤”（斧头）和“车”组成，象征用武器砍杀的动作，反映了古代战争和刑罚的场景。 Pictographic origin & cultural context: The ancient form comprises "斤" (axe) and "车" (chariot or vehicle), symbolizing the act of chopping with a weapon, reflecting war and punishment scenes in ancient times.

常见用法与容易混淆点：“斩”可用于成语或固定短语，如“斩草除根”（eliminate completely）、“斩钉截铁”（firm and resolute）。需注意不要与“展”（zhǎn, unfold）混淆，两字发音相似但意义与用法完全不同。 Common usage & points of confusion: "斩" is used in idioms like “斩草除根” (eliminate completely) and “斩钉截铁” (resolute and decisive). Be careful not to confuse it with “展” (zhǎn, to unfold), which sounds similar but has a different meaning.

  • 常用词语：斩首（decapitate）、处斩（be executed by beheading）
  • Common words: 斩首 (decapitate), 处斩 (to execute by beheading)

如需更详细的字源分析，可参考专业的汉字字源辞典。 For more detailed origins, consult specialized Chinese etymology dictionaries.

斩（汉语文字）_百度百科

斩（拼音：zhǎn）是汉语一级通用规范汉字（常用字）。此字始见于战国简帛文字，产生时间可能更早。古字形从斤、从车，本义一般认为是杀，也有人认为是砍断，特指砍杀。后引申为断绝。

汉字"斩"的起源、演变过程-汉字字源辞典

汉字字源辞典收录7747条汉字词条，基本涵盖了常见汉字的字源解析，是汉字研究的必备工具。

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