欲

Pinyin: yù | Core Meaning: to want, desire; desire, wish.

基本信息 (Basic Information)

含义与用法 (Meanings & Usage)

中文核心释义 (Core Chinese Meaning): 想要、希望得到；欲望、愿望。

英文核心释义 (Core English Meaning): to want, desire; desire, wish.

“欲”常用作动词，表示“想要”，也可作名词，表示“欲望”或“愿望”。常与“欲望”“食欲”“欲求”等词连用。在口语中单独使用较少，多用于书面语或较正式场合。 ‘欲’ is commonly used as a verb meaning ‘to want’ or ‘to desire’, and as a noun referring to ‘desire’ or ‘wish’. It often appears in formal or written contexts, and is seen in compound words like ‘欲望’ (desire), ‘食欲’ (appetite). Its independent use is uncommon in daily speech.

象形意义 / 为何这么写 (Pictographic Meaning / Writing Rationale)

“欲”由“谷”和“欠”组成。“谷”表示谷物、食物，“欠”有张口的样子，表达呼吸、渴望的意思。合起来表示对食物的渴望，引申为对所有事物的想望、欲望。‘欲’ is composed of ‘谷’ (grain, food) and ‘欠’ (open mouth, breathing, or longing). The combination illustrates a mouth longing for grain, symbolizing the desire for food, and by extension, the desire or craving for anything.

文言文释义 (Classical Chinese Meaning)

文言文中常用作动词“想要”，与现代含义相近，也常表示欲望之意。Often used as a verb meaning ‘to want’ or ‘to desire’ in Classical Chinese, similar to modern meaning. Also used to indicate ‘desire’.

深入学习 (In-depth Study)

字源故事 (Origin Story)

“欲”字最早见于甲骨文，本义为内心想要某物的欲望。其结构由“谷”和“欠”组成，“谷”指食物，“欠”有张口呼气、渴望的含义，所以‘欲’表达了口渴望食的状态，进而引申为一切的希望与欲望。The character ‘欲’ first appeared in oracle bone script and originally meant the desire within the heart for something. Its structure combines ‘谷’ (grain/food) and ‘欠’ (open mouth/breathing or longing), expressing a mouth longing for food, which extended to the general sense of wanting or desiring.

字形演变 (Character Evolution)

甲骨文 (Oracle Bone Script):
甲骨文中的“欲”尚为初步表达，字形较象形，表现出谷物与张口之形，表示对食物的渴望，结构较为简化。 In Oracle Bone Script, ‘欲’ is represented in a primitive pictorial form, showing elements resembling grain and an open mouth, indicating hunger or desire. The structure is simplified.
金文 (Bronze Inscription):
金文的‘欲’结构更加规范，‘谷’和‘欠’两部分更为清晰，形体变得更规则，但本义未变。 In Bronze Inscriptions, the structure of ‘欲’ became more standardized, with clearer separation of the ‘grain’ (谷) and ‘open mouth’ (欠) elements, but the basic meaning remained.
小篆 (Small Seal Script):
小篆中的‘欲’结构变得修长、圆润，各部分笔画更加连贯，形体趋于统一。 In Small Seal Script, the character ‘欲’ appears more elongated and rounded, with smoother strokes and a more unified form.
隶书 (Clerical Script):
隶书时期‘欲’的笔画横平竖直，结构趋于扁平化，易于书写，逐步接近现代字形。 In Clerical Script, ‘欲’ exhibits more horizontal and vertical strokes, its structure becomes flatter and easier to write, approaching the modern form.
楷书 (现代) (Regular Script (Modern)):
现代楷书中的‘欲’字结构规范，‘谷’和‘欠’部分分明，是现代书写、印刷中常用形态。 In modern Regular Script, the structure of ‘欲’ is standardized, clearly showing the ‘grain’ (谷) and ‘open mouth’ (欠) elements; this is the common form in writing and print today.

常用词语和例句 (Common Words & Examples)

欲望 (desire, lust)

yùwàng

人应当学会控制自己的欲望。

Pinyin: Rén yīngdāng xuéhuì kòngzhì zìjǐ de yùwàng.

Eng: People should learn to control their desires.

食欲 (appetite)

shíyù

运动后我的食欲变得很好。

Pinyin: Yùndòng hòu wǒ de shíyù biàn de hěn hǎo.

Eng: My appetite improves after exercising.

欲速则不达 (to rush can’t achieve success)

yù sù zé bù dá

做事要有耐心，欲速则不达。

Pinyin: Zuòshì yào yǒu nàixīn, yù sù zé bù dá.

Eng: One should be patient; haste makes waste.

相关成语 (Related Idioms)

欲擒故纵 yù qín gù zòng

Meaning: to loosen the reins in order to capture; to let go for better control later

“欲擒故纵”出自《三国演义》等，原指用计谋故意放松对对方的控制，使其放松警惕，最终更容易抓住对方，比喻为达目的而采取暂时放松的策略。 "欲擒故纵" originates from historical stories such as the Romance of the Three Kingdoms. It refers to intentionally loosening control to lower the opponent’s guard, making it easier to capture them later—a metaphor for temporarily relaxing restrictions to achieve a goal.

多语言翻译 (核心释义) (Translations (Core Meaning))

  • French: désirer, désir
  • German: begehren, Wunsch, Verlangen
  • Spanish: desear, deseo
  • Italian: desiderare, desiderio
  • Portuguese: desejar, desejo
  • Russian: желать, желание
  • Arabic: يريد، رغبة
  • Persian: خواستن، تمایل
  • Dutch: verlangen, verlangen naar
  • Polish: pragnąć, pragnienie
  • Vietnamese: muốn, khát vọng
  • Ukrainian: бажати, бажання

视频学习资源 (Video Learning Resources)

通过以下链接在热门视频网站搜索 "欲" 的更多讲解：

Search for more explanations of "欲" on popular video sites:

网络参考 (Web References for "欲") ()

网络内容摘要 (Web Content Summary):

核心含义：“欲”是一个表示“想要、渴望、希望”之意的汉字，常用于表达人的愿望或欲望。 Core meaning: The character "欲" means "to want, desire, or wish." It is often used to express human desire or aspiration.

象形起源与文化背景：“欲”字起源于战国时期。字形中“欠”部象张口的样子，象征有想要、渴求之意，因此用作“欲望”的形符。最初，也有用“谷”代表“欲”的情况。 Pictographic origin & cultural background: "欲" originated during the Warring States period. The "欠" part in its structure depicts an open mouth, symbolizing desire or craving, and was used as the semantic component. Originally, the character "谷" was sometimes used to indicate "欲."

  • 常见用法与搭配：
    • 欲望 (yùwàng) — desire, lust
    • 欲求 (yùqiú) — desire, want
    • 成语如：欲罢不能（want to stop but cannot）、欲速则不达（more haste, less speed）等。
     Common usages & collocations:
    • 欲望 (yùwàng) — desire, craving
    • 欲求 (yùqiú) — desire, longing
    • Idioms such as: 欲罢不能 ("unwilling or unable to stop"), 欲速则不达 ("haste makes waste")
  • 易混淆点：“欲”与“浴”等形近字容易混淆，要注意区别。 Common confusion: "欲" can be easily confused with similar-looking characters, such as "浴" (yù, to bathe). Pay attention to their differences.

汉字"欲"的起源、演变过程-汉字字源辞典

汉字字源辞典收录13864条汉字词条，基本涵盖了常见汉字的字源解析，是汉字研究的必备工具。 ... 战国古文字，其欠字旁当为后加之形符，当时人认为欠像张口有欲望之义，故以之为形符。欲字虽产生于战国时代，但当时仍有用谷为欲者。 ...

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