胆

Pinyin: dǎn | Core Meaning: gallbladder (an internal organ); also means courage or bravery.

基本信息 (Basic Information)

含义与用法 (Meanings & Usage)

中文核心释义 (Core Chinese Meaning): 胆囊，内脏器官之一，此外也指勇气、胆量。

英文核心释义 (Core English Meaning): gallbladder (an internal organ); also means courage or bravery.

“胆”主要用于指人体内的胆囊或比喻勇气，如“胆大”、“胆小”。常见于口语和书面语中，引申义为精神上的勇气或冒险精神。 Mainly refers to the gallbladder, an organ in the body, or figuratively to courage. Common in both spoken and written Chinese, as in phrases like '胆大' (brave). It often means mental courage or risk-taking.

象形意义 / 为何这么写 (Pictographic Meaning / Writing Rationale)

“胆”字左侧的“月”表示与人体器官有关，右侧的“旦”原为象形太阳升起，后来借用表示发音。整体表达了胆囊这个器官，并引申为与勇气有关。The left part '月' (historically '肉', flesh) indicates a connection to the body organ. The right part '旦' originally pictographs the rising sun and was later used for its pronunciation. Together, they express the concept of the gallbladder and, by extension, courage.

文言文释义 (Classical Chinese Meaning)

文言文中“胆”既指内脏胆囊，也多用于比喻勇气、胆量，与现代意义相近。In Classical Chinese, '胆' referred to the internal organ as well as courage or bravery; similar to the modern meaning.

深入学习 (In-depth Study)

字源故事 (Origin Story)

“胆”字最早的本义是胆囊，古代汉字多以象形字起源。在古代，人们认为胆与人的勇气和情绪有关，因此后引申为勇气或胆量的意思。The original meaning of '胆' referred to the gallbladder. Ancient Chinese characters were often pictographic in origin. In antiquity, people believed the gallbladder was closely related to a person's courage and emotions, so the character later gained the meaning of courage or bravery.

字形演变 (Character Evolution)

甲骨文 (Oracle Bone Script):
甲骨文中“胆”尚未出现完整的现代写法，相关表示胆囊的字形为象形，常以“肉”旁结合器官形状描画。 In Oracle Bone Script, the modern form of '胆' had not yet appeared. Pictographs representing the gallbladder were sometimes drawn with the 'flesh' (肉) radical and shapes resembling an organ.
金文 (Bronze Inscription):
金文中出现了带“肉”旁的字形，右侧加上胆囊的象形，突出表示身体某个部位。 In Bronze Inscriptions, the character began to take form with the 'flesh' (肉) radical on the left and a pictograph on the right suggesting the specific organ.
小篆 (Small Seal Script):
小篆中“胆”字结构更为规范，左为“肉”，右为“旦”，整体显得修长且有曲线感。 In Small Seal Script, '胆' became more standardized, with the 'flesh' radical on the left and '旦' on the right, with an elongated and curved form.
隶书 (Clerical Script):
隶书时期，“胆”的字形转为横平竖直，结构更加方正清晰，笔画化繁为简。 In Clerical Script, the form of '胆' became more straight-lined and rectangular, with strokes simplified and clarified.
楷书 (现代) (Regular Script (Modern)):
现代楷书中，“胆”为标准结构，左“月”旁（即“肉”旁的简化），右“旦”，简洁明了。 In modern Regular Script, '胆' is written with the standardized structure: the simplified 'flesh' radical ('月') on the left and '旦' on the right, clear and concise.

常用词语和例句 (Common Words & Examples)

胆小 (timid; cowardly)

dǎn xiǎo

他从小就很胆小，不敢一个人走夜路。

Pinyin: Tā cóng xiǎo jiù hěn dǎnxiǎo, bù gǎn yí gè rén zǒu yè lù.

Eng: He has been timid since childhood and doesn't dare to walk alone at night.

胆量 (courage; guts)

dǎn liàng

只有有胆量的人才能成功。

Pinyin: Zhǐ yǒu yǒu dǎnliàng de rén cái néng chénggōng.

Eng: Only those with courage can succeed.

胆大 (bold; daring)

dǎn dà

她做事一向胆大，敢于尝试新事物。

Pinyin: Tā zuòshì yīxiàng dǎndà, gǎn yú chángshì xīn shìwù.

Eng: She has always been bold and dares to try new things.

相关成语 (Related Idioms)

提心吊胆 tí xīn diào dǎn

Meaning: to be in constant fear; to be very anxious

“提心吊胆”原指心被提着，胆被悬着，比喻非常害怕或担心。据说古人认为心和胆分别主宰不同的情感，两者都不能安宁就很难平静。 The idiom '提心吊胆' literally means the heart is hoisted up and the gallbladder is hanging, signifying extreme fear or anxiety. Ancient Chinese believed the heart and gallbladder controlled different emotions; if both were unsettled, one couldn't stay calm.

多语言翻译 (核心释义) (Translations (Core Meaning))

  • French: vésicule biliaire; courage
  • German: Gallenblase; Mut
  • Spanish: vesícula biliar; valentía
  • Italian: cistifellea; coraggio
  • Portuguese: vesícula biliar; coragem
  • Russian: жёлчный пузырь; смелость
  • Arabic: مرارة؛ شجاعة
  • Persian: کیسه صفرا؛ شجاعت
  • Dutch: galblaas; moed
  • Polish: pęcherzyk żółciowy; odwaga
  • Vietnamese: túi mật; dũng khí
  • Ukrainian: жовчний міхур; сміливість

视频学习资源 (Video Learning Resources)

通过以下链接在热门视频网站搜索 "胆" 的更多讲解：

Search for more explanations of "胆" on popular video sites:

网络参考 (Web References for "胆") ()

网络内容摘要 (Web Content Summary):

核心含义与象形起源：“胆”主要指动物或人体内的“胆囊”，是参与消化的器官。甲骨文和篆体字形表明，“胆”由“詹”（表示前卫或防护）和“月”（象征肉体、身体）组成，整体象形为“体内负责防御、净化功能的消化囊官”。Core meaning & pictographic origin: The character “胆” (dǎn) primarily refers to the "gallbladder," a digestive organ inside animals or humans. The ancient script combines “詹” (defense/guard) and “月” (flesh/body), pictographically representing an internal organ with protective and detoxifying functions.

文化背景：在中医和传统文化中，胆不仅仅指器官，还象征“勇气”和“决断力”。如“胆壮锐勇”，形容人有勇气；中医“胆经”主决断，与人的精神状态密切相关。Cultural background: In Chinese medicine and culture, “胆” also symbolizes "courage" or "decisiveness," e.g., a person described as “胆壮锐勇” is courageous. The gallbladder is associated with decisiveness and clarity of mind in traditional Chinese medicine.

  • 常用词/成语：
    • 胆小 (dǎn xiǎo) — 胆量小，容易害怕 ("timid; cowardly")
    • 胆大 (dǎn dà) — 有胆量，勇敢 ("bold; daring")
    • 壮胆 (zhuàng dǎn) — 增加勇气 ("to boost one's courage")
    • 胆战心惊 (dǎn zhàn xīn jīng) — 非常害怕 ("trembling with fear")
     Common words/idioms:
    • 胆小 (timid), 胆大 (bold), 壮胆 (to boost courage), 胆战心惊 (trembling with fear)

易混淆点：“胆”的部首是“月”，表示与身体或肉有关，易与“但”、“担”等字混淆，需要注意区分。Common confusions: “胆” contains the “月” (meat/flesh) radical, indicating a relation to body, and can be confused with similar-looking characters like “但” (dàn, but), “担” (dān, carry); be careful with these distinctions.

综上，“胆”既有具体的生理器官意义，也富含象征意义，是理解中医学和中华文化勇气观的重要汉字。In summary, “胆” has both a specific anatomical meaning and rich symbolic value, making it key to understanding concepts of courage in Chinese medicine and culture.

汉字"胆"的起源、演变过程-汉字字源辞典

汉字字源辞典收录7747条汉字词条，基本涵盖了常见汉字的字源解析，是汉字研究的必备工具。 ... 充足，胆经阳气生发旺盛，清晨一觉醒来，神清气爽，容光焕发，决断中正，胆壮锐勇。胆字记录的是：肉体消化器官中，象旦时少阳一样生发阳气的胆经。 ...

【胆，膽】的甲骨文金文篆文字形演变含义 - 甲骨文研究网 甲骨文密码字典 在线甲骨文字典研究 - 甲骨文研究网 甲骨文密码字典 在线甲骨文字典 ...

汉字的来历和演变 (說文解字 篆體字) 甲骨文密码 【甲骨密码】 【其他解读】 詹，表示前詹、前卫。胆，篆文=（詹，前卫）+（月，即"肉"，指代身体）体卫士，即有消毒、镇定功能的囊状消化器官。

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