师

Pinyin: shī | Core Meaning: teacher; master; military division; expert in a field.

基本信息 (Basic Information)

含义与用法 (Meanings & Usage)

中文核心释义 (Core Chinese Meaning): 老师，军队，某领域的专家或主导者。

英文核心释义 (Core English Meaning): teacher; master; military division; expert in a field.

“师”常用作“老师”的简称，如“师生”。还可表示军队的编制单位，如“军师”、“某某师”。用于某些行业的尊称，如“工程师”、“厨师”等。 ‘师’ is often abbreviated for ‘老师’ (teacher) and appears in words like ‘师生’ (teacher and student). It can also mean a large military division (‘division’) in military context, e.g., ‘军师’ (military strategist). In modern times, it denotes professionals or experts, such as ‘engineer’ (工程师), ‘chef’ (厨师), etc.

象形意义 / 为何这么写 (Pictographic Meaning / Writing Rationale)

“师”字左为“巾”字，代表军旗，右为声旁，整体象征军队集合时的旗帜，因此最早与军队相关，后来引申为有领袖或指导作用的人。The left part of ‘师’ is ‘巾’ (banner), representing a military flag; the right part hints at its sound. The character originally depicted banners assembling troops, later extending to anyone who leads or instructs others.

文言文释义 (Classical Chinese Meaning)

文言文中“师”多指军队、部队或军队首领。后期也用作老师的意思。In Classical Chinese, ‘师’ usually referred to an army or its commander. Later, it also came to mean ‘teacher’.

深入学习 (In-depth Study)

字源故事 (Origin Story)

“师”字最早见于甲骨文，原意为军队的主帅或军队本身，古代多指军队集体或指挥官。“师”后来也引申为技艺高明的人或老师。The character ‘师’ first appeared in oracle bone script, originally referring to the chief commander of an army or to an army itself. In ancient times, it mainly meant a large troop or its commander. Later, it extended to describe people with high skills or teachers.

字形演变 (Character Evolution)

甲骨文 (Oracle Bone Script):
甲骨文中的“师”字通常由“巾”（旗帜）和人形组成，象征军队出征所用的旗帜。 In oracle bone script, ‘师’ is composed of elements resembling ‘巾’ (a flag or banner) and a person, symbolizing the military banners carried by troops.
金文 (Bronze Inscription):
金文中“师”的字形较甲骨文更为复杂，旗帜和人的形态更明显，显示军队的象征。 In bronze inscription, the form of ‘师’ is more complex, with the flag and human shape more pronounced, reinforcing its association with armies.
小篆 (Small Seal Script):
小篆中的“师”结构变得对称，线条圆润流畅，保留了上部的旗帜和下部的表徽。 In small seal script, ‘师’ becomes symmetrical with smooth lines, keeping the flag shape on top and the symbolic base below.
隶书 (Clerical Script):
隶书时期“师”字趋于扁平化，笔画横平竖直，结构更为简化。 In clerical script, ‘师’ becomes more flattened, with horizontal and vertical strokes, and a simpler structure.
楷书 (现代) (Regular Script (Modern)):
现代楷书中，“师”字左边为“巾”，右边是表示声音的“帅”的简化形，结构规范。 In modern regular script, the left side of ‘师’ is ‘巾’ (scarf/flag), and the right side is a simplified form indicating pronunciation, with a regular, standardized shape.

常用词语和例句 (Common Words & Examples)

老师 (teacher)

lǎoshī

我的老师非常耐心。

Pinyin: Wǒ de lǎoshī fēicháng nàixīn.

Eng: My teacher is very patient.

工程师 (engineer)

gōngchéngshī

他是一名软件工程师。

Pinyin: Tā shì yī míng ruǎnjiàn gōngchéngshī.

Eng: He is a software engineer.

厨师 (chef; cook)

chúshī

这家餐厅的厨师很有名。

Pinyin: Zhè jiā cāntīng de chúshī hěn yǒumíng.

Eng: The chef of this restaurant is very famous.

相关成语 (Related Idioms)

名师出高徒 míng shī chū gāo tú

Meaning: Famous teachers produce outstanding students (Great teachers bring forth brilliant disciples)

古时候人们认为，有名望、有学识的老师可以培养出优秀的学生，因此有“名师出高徒”这句话，用来夸奖老师和学生。 In ancient times, people believed that teachers of great renown and learning could nurture excellent students. The idiom ‘名师出高徒’ is used to praise both teachers and their students.

多语言翻译 (核心释义) (Translations (Core Meaning))

  • French: maître; professeur; division militaire
  • German: Lehrer; Meister; Division
  • Spanish: maestro; maestro experto; división militar
  • Italian: maestro; insegnante; divisione militare
  • Portuguese: mestre; professor; divisão militar
  • Russian: учитель; мастер; дивизия
  • Arabic: معلم؛ أستاذ؛ فرقة عسكرية
  • Persian: استاد؛ معلم؛ لشکر
  • Dutch: leraar; meester; militaire divisie
  • Polish: nauczyciel; mistrz; dywizja wojskowa
  • Vietnamese: thầy; sư phụ; sư đoàn quân đội
  • Ukrainian: учитель; майстер; військова дивізія

视频学习资源 (Video Learning Resources)

通过以下链接在热门视频网站搜索 "师" 的更多讲解：

Search for more explanations of "师" on popular video sites:

网络参考 (Web References for "师") ()

网络内容摘要 (Web Content Summary):

  • 核心含义： “师”最初的含义与军队或军事指挥相关，后来引申为老师、师傅等指引、带领之人。 Core meaning: The original meaning of "师" relates to army or military leaders, and later it extended to mean teacher, master, or guide.

  • 象形起源与文化背景： 甲骨文中的“师”字，有学者认为是兵符的象形。古代统帅调兵时需用“兵符”，朝廷和地方军队各持一部分，兵符对合才能证明调兵权的合法性。另外，也有解释认为“师”由“弓”和“矢”组成，表现弓箭之威，象征军队的锋芒。 Pictographic origin & cultural background: In Oracle Bone Script, "师" is seen as the symbol of a military tally (a token to command troops—the tally was split and holders matched pieces to verify authority). Another interpretation sees it as made of "bow" and "arrow," suggesting the power and presence of an army.

  • 常用相关词汇： 如“老师”（teacher）、“师傅”（master）、“师生”（teachers and students）、“师军”（troops）。 Common related words: e.g. "老师" (teacher), "师傅" (master/mentor), "师生" (teachers and students), "师军" (troops).

  • 易混淆点： 需与“帅”（commander-in-chief, marshal）等字区分，“师”偏向指军队整体或教导者，“帅”专指最高指挥者。 Easily confused: Be careful not to confuse "师" (army/teacher/master) with "帅" (commander-in-chief/marshal). "师" usually means the army as a whole or someone who instructs, "帅" is the top commander.

总结： “师”字不仅蕴含丰富的军事与教育意义，其甲骨文起源和兵符制度也反映了中国古代的权力认证机制和文化传统。 Summary: "师" carries rich military and educational meanings. Its pictographic origins and the military tally system reflect ancient Chinese authority verification and cultural heritage.

【师，師】的甲骨文金文篆文字形演变含义 - 甲骨文研究网 甲骨文密码字典 在线甲骨文字典研究 - 甲骨文研究网 甲骨文密码字典 在线甲骨文字典 ...

(甲骨文 ) 甲骨文密码 【甲骨密码】 師：兵符。 【其他解读】 师，甲骨文像古代兵符，像是圆块中的一部分。朝廷将刻有虎、狮等图案的圆形玉块，切割成裂纹不规则的两块或几块，部分留在朝庭，部分放在地方或军队，朝廷和军队均以所持兵符能否吻合来检验兵权和调动权的真伪。

师（汉语文字）_百度百科

"师"字的本义因各家对字形的理解不同而说法不一。分析"师"的古文字，有人把其左边理解为"弓"，右边理解为"矢射中人足"，左右合起来理解为"弓发，矢射中人足"（ 康殷 《文字源流浅说》）。 从这个角度理解，"师"字给人们的第一感受当是由弓矢之威形成的军队之威。

更多图片 (师 More Images) ()

师 - 更多图片 (More Images) (modelslab_artistic_v2)